산지에서 자란다. 높이 2∼5m이고 어린 가지에 선모(腺毛)가 있으나 점차 없어진다. 잎은 어긋나지만 가지 끝에서는 돌려난 것 같이 보이고 거꾸로 선 달걀 모양으로 끝은 둥글거나 다소 파이며 가장자리가 밋밋하다. 표면은 녹색으로 처음에는 털이 있으나 차츰 없어지며 뒷면은 연한 녹색으로 잎맥 위에 털이 있다.
꽃은 5월에 피고 연분홍색이며 3∼7개씩 가지 끝에 산형꽃차례를 이룬다. 꽃받침은 작은꽃줄기와 더불어 선모가 있다. 화관은 깔때기 모양이고 5개로 갈라지며 위쪽 갈래조각에 적갈색 반점이 있다. 수술은 10개, 암술은 1개이며 씨방에 선모가 있다.
열매는 삭과(蒴果)로 달걀 모양의 타원형이고 길이 1.5cm 정도로 선모가 있으며 10월에 익는다. 진달래를 먹을 수 있는 꽃이라 하여 ‘참꽃’이라 하지만, 철쭉은 독성이 있어 먹을 수 없으므로 ‘개꽃’이라 한다. 한국·중국·우수리 등지에 분포한다. 흰색 꽃이 피는 것을 흰철쭉(for. albiflorum)이라고 한다.
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2011.4.4
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2010.10.7
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2010.6.9
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